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3 article(s) from Kulkarni, Amol A

Assessing the possibilities of designing a unified multistep continuous flow synthesis platform

Mrityunjay K. Sharma,
Roopashri B. Acharya,
Chinmay A. Shukla and
Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1917–1936, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.166

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Graphical Abstract

Figure 1: Key features of different approaches for unified multistep synthesis platform.

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Figure 2: Schematic representation of a unified platform for the flow synthesis (P1–P14 pumps, PBR packed bed...

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Figure 3: Layout of a unified synthesis platform (including all the component) for multiple drug molecules (a...

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Figure 4: Layout for synthesis of 4 molecules on a single platform (approach 2).

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Scheme 1: The overall process for the synthesis of diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

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Figure 5: Approach 3 for a unified platform for multistep synthesis. M1–M9 = mixers, R1–R4 = tubular reactors...

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Review

Published 26 Jul 2018

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Automating multistep flow synthesis: approach and challenges in integrating chemistry, machines and logic

Chinmay A. Shukla and
Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 960–987, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.97

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Figure 1: A number of experiments for various optimization algorithms [46].

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Figure 2: Symbols used for block and P&ID diagrams.

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Scheme 1: Multistep synthesis of olanzapine (Hartwig et al. [10])

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Figure 3: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 1, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...

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Scheme 2: Multistep flow synthesis for tamoxifen (Murray et al. [11]).

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Figure 4: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 2, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...

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Figure 5: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 3, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...

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Scheme 3: Multistep flow synthesis of rufinamide (Zhang et al. [14]).

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Figure 6: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 4, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...

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Scheme 4: Multistep synthesis for (±)-Oxomaritidine (Baxendale et al. [9]).

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Figure 7: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 5, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...

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Scheme 5: Multistep synthesis for ibuprofen (Snead and Jamison [60]).

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Scheme 6: Multistep synthesis for cinnarizine and buclizine derivatives (Borukhova et al. [23])

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Figure 8: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 6, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...

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Scheme 7: Multistep synthesis for (S)-rolipram (Tsubogo et al. [4])

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Figure 9: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 7 (colours for each reactor shows different...

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Figure 10: (A) Block diagram representation of the process shown in Scheme 8, (B) piping and instrumentation diagram o...

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Scheme 8: Multistep synthesis for amitriptyline (Kupracz and Kirschning [7]).

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Review

Published 19 May 2017

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Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices

Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 405–424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.38

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Figure 1: Analysis of the literature on aromatic nitration over the last 50 years. Numbers next to each nitra...

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Figure 2: Schematic of a typical experimental setup for aromatic nitration. The circular segment shown inside...

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Scheme 1: Nitration of substituted pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid 1. T = 90 °C, residence time = 35 min, yield: 7...

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Scheme 2: Nitration of 2-methylindole (4). T = 3 °C, residence time = 48 s, yield: 70%. [27].

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Scheme 3: Nitration of pyridine-N-oxide (6), T = 120 °C, residence time = 80 min, yield: 78% (72% in the flas...

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Scheme 4: Nitration of toluene (8). Method 1: H₂SO₄/HNO₃, T = 65 °C, residence time = 15 min. Method 2: Ac₂O/H...

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Figure 3: Graphical presentation of a microreactor used for double nitration and the schematic of the experim...

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Scheme 5: Nitration of 2-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidinol (14) [25].

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Scheme 6: Nitration of benzaldehyde (16) [35].

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Scheme 7: Nitration of salicylic acid (19) [30].

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Scheme 8: Nitration of phenol (22) yielding mono-nitro isomers 23 and 24 as main products, hydroquinone (25),...

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Scheme 9: Synthesis of 3-methyl-4-nitropyrazole (29) and 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole (31) [31].

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Figure 4: Photograph of the experimental setup for the synthesis of alkyl-nitropyrazoles. IMM’s SIMM-V2 micro...

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Scheme 10: Nitration of chlorobenzene (33) [23].

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Figure 5: Continuous flow nitration of chlorobenzene (33) with nitric acid in a sequence of continuously stir...

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Scheme 11: Nitration of 2-isopropoxybenzaldehyde (36) by using red fuming nitric acid [37].

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Figure 6: Silicon-glass microreactor by Knapkiewicz et al. [37]. (A) Layout of the microreactor with a built-in m...

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Scheme 12: Synthesis of nitropyridine (40) [39].

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Figure 7: Schematic of the experimental setup involving a pressure based charging system [39]. Reproduced with pe...

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Scheme 13: Nitration of p-difluorobenzene (42) [40].

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Scheme 14: Nitration of naphthalene (47) [34].

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Figure 9: Structure of the microreactor. (A) Top view (1, 2 – inlets, 3 – mixing points, 4 – outlet). (B) Lat...

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Scheme 15: Nitration of 2-nitropropane (52) [38].

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Figure 10: Schematic of the continuous nitration system reported in CN103044261A [56].

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Album

Review

Published 14 Feb 2014

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